Fear and Justice
Linda
we often take Georgia Highway 78. Street, a small town so we are very aware of the brand. The town's name is ; Monroe, called Monroe.
took us to town, a murder 60 years ago on July 25 .1946, near the town in Monroe, Moore called Tan (Mooreps Ford) of the flood side, three-party group of white thugs K, lynching murder of four blacks.
2005 年 4 2 April, a Saturday. the previous day to hear the radio this morning, Monroe's black churches have a event a total of ten words, no details.
in the car, we chatted that it is no wonder that 60 years ago, things, the details disappear naturally.
photos of the site is not dead, but a white child. photo comments, he is witnessing the tragedy of the witnesses. child left me deep impression, because the child sweet smile, look simple. His name easy to remember: Clinton? Adams.
together, or traditional forms. It appears that the town has not been defeated modern chain stores, 200 years of cultural heritage is still there.
However, not long before a rally in the black church, we know , many years, the town has a relaxed appearance, hidden deep danger.
speaker at the rally, it is a black state legislators. He was wearing glasses, a lecture is to attract listeners. I noticed that very special , he wore a chest Martin. Luther. gold medal. the last century, 60 years, he was a young civil rights activist. One time, he went to Monroe to the activities, the local reception of his black said to him, since you have to come to this town, give us a call, we more to more people, to meet you halfway. Then tell him that 20 years ago, where there was a Negro said to him, we do not want you to become a victim of this.
This is the first time that state legislators heard the case, although 20 years later, he stood in the land of Monroe, is still very frightened. Because the civil rights movement in the sixties, in some third party rampant K region, activists like him, may suddenly become very dangerous situation.
He also said that until 1981, Monroe's black march for civil rights, there are over, and some members of the confrontation between the three party case of K, and the scene is very tense. He sat next to us pointed to a Negro named Paul, said Peter, when Peter Paul K party kidnapped by three six-hour, We all thought he had been killed.
This is basically a black party. but also to a lot of whites, nearly half of them reporters. state legislators mentioned that they had been collecting evidence, he said, we many details are lacking, then, he gave some examples. Just then, sitting two rows behind us, a white woman who raised his hand, my father made oral history, remembering how he witnessed . ; that child! Di. She lives in Florida, opened the night at the car, is to come support this rally, but also to look at,
in the parade, we have been and Cindy together, curiously asking questions.
Adams was deeply moved by the story, his story of Monroe, taken us deeper underlying American South.
Clinton. Adams grew up in a poor white family .1946, he was a full 10 years of age.
Adams Southern white people in this house, and work together with blacks, and blacks do neighbors. They have a deep affection and friendship of .1946, is just the end of World War II. Black George served for five years to join the army, just honor retired . always liked George Adams, to him as his best friend. In George retired on the way home, the Adams home with him. George joy in a good way to tell Adams that he can for the country of allegiance, are very pride.
Adams's father, working hard throughout the year, never earn enough money to support their families. In Adams around, the poor everywhere. a good friend of Adams, Emerson, is also utterly destitute. Emerson's father, grumpy, out of temper knocked him half to death. They like 10-year-old child, had to work, can only find time to go to school. The results, on and off, even the literate have not learned.
1946 年 2 months of a night, Adams's father completely tired of life and despair, hanged himself. The next morning, heard the screams of despair, the first one came to help, that is, the black neighbor George. Dorsey. In these days, George gave them a lot of help , a talent getting through. Since then, Adams, and sister, must stir up the burden, Moore went to beach cattle.
few days ago, near the out of the thing. I heard a black white farmers husband Roger and his wife was having an affair, they kicked up, Roger used the pocket knife fury stabbed each other, the police arrested, in prison awaiting trial. on Adams, Emerson walked to the river, they do not know, in the city, lord of the manor Harrison, an excuse to work in the VIP , paid $ 600 for Roger to do the release on bail. Roger is George's brother. Harrison went to prison before, specifically called on the couple George and George's sister, to go with them.
two children Adams and Emerson brought oxen, and finally came to Moore Beach. This is the Appalachian River flood, but not today or a place inhabited. can imagine how desolate here 60 years ago.
nearly dusk, children have to go home. Just then they heard a car off the car is almost like a human voice issuing the screams. two children instinctively scared lying in the grass, so the tall grass cover to live their own. Adams had found, that he was heartbroken. a group of three K of the party, about a dozen people, and kidnapped his black friend George? Dorsey. next May and his wife, sister duo Loesch and sister Fu Luojie. These are mostly three-Monroe K of the party who knew Adams. He watched the black was tied four beaten, and finally, a third K of the party drew a pistol and shot them down. and then These people herd, with pistols and rifles, four victims to the hundreds of bullets fired, the perpetrators have the middle of Harrison. Later, an autopsy, only one of the victims who had 68 bullet holes. ORDER Adams puzzling is that in the car next to the killers, but also the police parked patrol cars.
the killer finally left, they climbed out of the bushes, walked gingerly to the scene. Adams has been recognized not out of his good friends. the blood is still flowing turning their faces have been smashed. two children excited and nervous and scared, stumbled home.
half way, Adams took his horse. In his own way home, he met one of the murderer. that people put their tractors stopped in a small road leading to Moore Beach, blocking the event over the vehicle. At the moment, he was going to get their tractors. Adams and his beat face to face .10-year-old could not hide his face in panic, but the same as the devil met, crazy, riding home to find her mother.
black four dead, George. Dorsey (George Dorsey) 28 years old, his wife Mei ((Mae) 24-year-old sister Duoluo Xi (Dorothy) 20-year-old girl Fu Luojie. Malcolm (Roger Malcom) 24 years old, Duo Luoxi are pregnant, is pregnant with seven months of the child.
the Georgia town of cases shocked the country immediately. the wrath of President Truman, he immediately ordered a thorough investigation of the FBI.
Truman became a senator from the beginning to show the black civil rights great concern. He strongly advocated and supported the subsequently submitted the famous It can be said that this is the 60s of last century was turbulent Civil Rights Movement of the initial starting point. However, because a starting point, in a few extreme Southern states to defend the civil rights of the environment is still far from mature. U.S. states are autonomous, Federal bugger.
the rise of the three K of the party, because after the Civil War, the North invaded the South public discontent. But in the three K party to terrorist violence, the South began to resent white people, most of them to racial prejudice , but not in favor of terrorist activities. More and more people away from the three K party. However, the characteristics of terrorism is: a small number of terrorist organizations, is enough to deter a regional.
through large-scale survey into the prosecution of the case before the grand jury. there is a black child in the grand jury, testified that the incident that day, he heard some people used in the preparation of lynching rope, still talking and laughing. Although he is only an indirect witness. ex post facto He was kidnapped by three K of the party, playing only one breath. a little recovered, he immediately fled to Atlanta, from anonymity.
was involved in the investigation, as well as the state of Georgia Bureau of Investigation. was where the South officials, and federal officials are very different. Adams family to the vicinity of the incident, soon after, a state Bureau of Investigation and local police to Howard who, along with Adams came home, asked his mother had not heard about. Adams restrain live, crossed from one side, the George ran to the town to call the police, that is, to deal with Howard, the little boy felt he was very close. At this time, Howard was silent. Adams to be finished, he beckoned to one side, just a few people that you see arrested, but I can not put all the gang are in prison. I can not catch those who may come back to kill you, kill your mother and your brothers and sisters. you one in danger, and now I ask you, forget you saw anything, never talk about it. Like, not the lack of conscience and courage, but they want to protect yourself and your family life. the prosecution of criminal cases the right, in the final at the state level. Federation only involved in the investigation, no prosecution powers.'s efforts to seek justice, the ultimate or failure the.
case to the grand jury, but not charged. the whole neighborhood, stay in the black community from a deep terror. in the funeral of the four victims, some friends and relatives can not attend to the people are silent, there is not any indication of murder. the victims were being hastily buried, gradually, no one will remember where their graves.
called some people feel nervous. You'd better leave it will forever change his life.
such a terrible childhood experience and a strong stimulus, so that Adams began to frequent nightmares, can not be stopped for several decades.
Not only that. Soon, a third party lord of the manor to K them to become his tenant, a. > From a family where hard dry, take very little money. mother advised him to have to endure, to the potential dangers. those killers, who often are able to meet in the vicinity. standing face to face time, really ; The silence was the sound. technology to earn more money. But soon, two local police officers to come to him, tell that if he does not go back, the lord of the manor said,
a full 8 years later, Adams turned in 18 years when the police find him Howard, for his meaningful to say that I think you should go join the army. In this way, Adams joined the army to go. on the outside of two years, Adams has a completely different life experience, retired in 1956 to go home, the young Adams to 10 years, he has remained silent, after all, those terrible things are over. We regard the operator forget it the. those three K 10 years ago, the party should not be what he saw, find his trouble. But he was wrong.
just got home, two police and come to him and said, , so you shaking in the vicinity and always some people nervous. You'd better leave it.
Thus, 20-year-old Adams, Monroe left. However, .
Since then, Adams began his life of exile. no matter where he is always near, there will be three warnings with the K to the identity of the party, threatened to leave him.
the year to leave Monroe Adams met his future wife Mayue Li. Mayue Li recently divorced, but also with a girl who just turned one year old. This girl is Cindy. Cindy told us that, for her father is Adams, the things that hold the car filled with a car, home and also dropped a lot of things, so as to leave the flight.
Adams is a responsible young children. his own oath, guarding the secret. He felt responsibility to protect the safety of mother and brothers and sisters, and now he wants to defend his wife and children.
Cindy said, her mother later told her, intuition alone, from the beginning she knew what Adams without telling her. He often awakened from a nightmare middle of the night, exclaimed aloud. asked, he always refused to say. of course, they failed to understand the frequent moving. One time, Ma Yueli not help but ask, do we can not settle down? Adams blurted out, said: his wife.
together with Cindy, they had six children. But because the flow constantly, even with a good work, but also retain his job. They have been poor, so poor that sometimes can only live in the car. But they have a harmonious home, the children were good.
maybe, people will think the South in the last century has been 60 years after the change in the nature of the three K of the party has been spurned by the people, even in the door Romania, third K of the party from a They were charged, the greater the probability of conviction. they are the less the presence of Adams assured. Adams, the more dangerous one.
this way for decades, Adams, a first in the state of the various cities around, hope from Monroe, not too far away from her mother's home, and later, they had to leave Georgia, started in different states, and constantly moving, constantly fleeing.
Cindy said, victims. But, we suffer in different ways nothing more. Adams from a child into a young, middle-aged, close to old age. He was not only doing a nightmare, not only in the three K under the pressure of the party fled, he also thought the years have gone, but followed his life justice can not be done, angry mob has not been brought to justice. He said to his wife, he always guilty, feel that they watched George was killed, he was just hiding in the side, nothing has been done. how he hated himself so weak, did not stand out stop violence, save under his big friend. The feelings of remorse, more and more intense.
It was a war in the inner soul-stirring. Adams not only fear, to bear the responsibility of protecting his family , but also by their own conscience and sense of justice of the deep suffering. very young when he died. Emerson's death came, Adam Siming white, he is a Harrison's home. Harrison is sitting in front of the chair. Adams could not help but suddenly decided to walk.
Adams, Harrison stood in front of straight asked why the party you three staring at me K ? Harrison sneered, all these years, can anyone move you? Adams said, no, but, no matter where I go, you always staring at the threat to me. Harrison went on to say, just keep Bijin your mouth, no one will come to move you.
At that moment, Adams decided to make him the killer question that has puzzled, he knew Roger was stabbed in a fight when a white man. ; But, why do you want to kill George?! he is the best I have seen good people. my father died, he gave our family so much help. He was a good man! before it touches the army is also a good nigger. However, the soldiers came back, he thought he could, and we are the same. miserable, he did nothing wrong, did not hurt anyone. He was killed simply because his skin is black. He felt that the secret to a long time out of his chest. However, the thought of possible danger posed to his family, he and pressure their impulses.
this way, until 1989, Adams family moved to Florida. years of exile, made him physically and mentally exhausted. They brought six children, had borne in the days or Baba. Adams did not culture, or do all the laborious manual labor children. but he always try to support a family responsibility.
Unfortunately, on November 9 that year, Adams's work-related injuries in an accident, lost a leg, and have lost the ability to work. lost a leg, for any one people, is a major blow, but also a turning point in life. Adams lying on the bed, slowly healing wounds. remember passing death, he believed that if God was not with a hand held onto his shoulder, with the death he had already gone. lying in bed, Adams bitter experience. Recalling his own life. He finally realized that, although he still is not very old, but, maybe I do not know When will suddenly leave this world. He asked himself what else he must do? He also owed something to make their own deeply regret this life?
in the recuperation period, the largest insurance lawyers to fight for compensation, the conversation asked about his personal history, ask a question. He avoided , the desire for justice, are strongly gathered together, plugging in the chest. Suddenly, he understood that he buried for decades in the hearts of the witness, inexorably, to stand out, stand in the sun.
Adams eventually won a compensation. enough money to live he does not work very good. At this time, he has secretly made a determination. He told the surprised wife said he wants to buy a house. ever, couples for the first time Adams have an own house. In his small room, his wife and all the children, brought together. Adams said he had something important to tell them.
in high winds, Cindy Golden long hair to be blown up and flying. In the procession to Moore's Beach, she told us the story of his father. talking about this, she laughed and said: in front of me. While Mom and Dad have been fabricated for us all reason to move, this time, I looked at his father with a stern face, as if suddenly realized, I said to myself, God! father is not a fugitive who killed it! ;
then looked away, Cindy, stand down, lights a cigarette. her eyes become thickened. She said that this is the first time I heard the father's story. I am sorry for these blacks, I am willing to pay any price, let justice be done. I was the sad 10-year-old boy, but also feel sorry for his life. He is what a good person! recall the experience of our family for many years, I feel angry that What is it! murderer Ann Dun Dun, our family has been on the run.
Adams told the family, he decided to open his testimony. he wants to go to the public, he intended to accept media interviews, he would the FBI and the Judiciary to testify. He no longer escape, he will stop, turn back to face opponents. This will give the family what kind of danger, he did not know. He must decide in advance to tell them his own. He love them, but he must stand up, no choice.
, Cindy, and all his children, are serious, Dad, we support you. Mayue Li aware of the decades of Adams, George guilt, and now she only said one sentence: I believe George will certainly be proud of your choice today!
> Adams walked into the FBI.
magic and the media, said the FBI could soon start to investigate the case of the message, and find an interview with Adams. Adams on television, saw him open all ; Moore Beach incident, br> This is particularly cold day. We marched silently in the cold, came to Moore Beach. riverside of the old bridge is gone, a new bridge at the edge of shelves. standing on the bridge, Cindy held her tightly aunt. It appears that Cindy may have strained, she first came here. Later, she went down to the flood. watched her figure fade away in the flood of golden grass, we did not go in, it is her a to experience the feelings of people when the father had.
the bridge, pointing to Cindy Adams, the sister of the direction of down, told us that the day after the tragedy, she and her mother come here, the victims have been carried away , on the ground with blood. She was beaten down to pick up a tooth. frightened her mother quickly threw it away. next to a tree, full of bullet holes.
Adams facing the United States, not only for his own tragedy testified that he also recalled his memory and makes friends. Adams said the four victims instead of four names, they are alive. He told his childhood friend George. He spoke after the death of his father George how to help his mother every day, do heavy work. One day, George helped them a lot of split firewood at home, mom will stay and eat. George side of her plate and went outside, sat firewood pile to eat. also advised not how Adams came in .10-year-old and her mother are deeply sorry.
Adams said Monroe 1946 black people, of course, believes that he should not and the white neighbors on an equal footing, even if they are so good friends . But George came back five soldiers abroad, and seen the world and broaden horizons. he did not consciously have and the local black, so a bit different. He has a see through those third party's stupid and arrogant K, His eyes must have no self-esteem so that in the past. But that is a little different feel to it, he was killed by three K party. He died, witnesses threatened, justice delayed. Adams to tell you, this is the era of Monroe and the South.
Adams do everything possible to find and release the four victims in the three photos. George is probably the photos found in the registration from the army. Although the old The photo is blurry, or you can clearly see, the young George, wearing U.S. military uniforms air, and smiling.
Adams for his black friend's efforts to seek justice, touched and inspired Monroe near people, they set up this victims names inscribed stone cross and a requiem. they found three of the victims of the cemetery, including George? Dorsey cemetery.
1999 festival year veteran, held the U.S. military for the George grand military burial ceremony to commemorate the World War II veterans. He came back from the war only nine months, he was rioters killed.
in the last century, the climax of the civil rights movement 60 years, there have been some famous murder case are the so-called a number of cases successfully prosecuted, convicted. Although 40 years have passed, the year of the young offenders are now old man. However, where murder is murder. killing an individual behavior. any political climate reasons, can not be personal abuse , the murder of another excuse. prosecution for murder, there is no statute of limitations.
Now 60 years later, re-indicted on the more difficult. only a person's witness testimony is not enough. However, in civil rights organizations and some politicians in the promotion of Georgia, in 2001, all Georgia state legislature passed a resolution by the governor signed the state Bureau of Investigation to Two suspects are still alive. today's rally and march is to promote the prosecution of a case expression: to seek justice not revenge, justice for the victims. If sin not to pursue, it brings the fear of never really eliminate.
Cindy Moore from the beach, the face pale. we go back to the bridge, all the people, hand in hand together to pray standing in the wind, requiem for the dead. we close our eyes, slightly lower head.
wind blowing, my eyes, there has been George black soldiers in uniform, military bag draped over his hand, grinning happily, to go home. the other hand, holding a 10-year-old white boy. a complete oblivion of history, the four victims, because the child grows up the courage, from the darkness, so that came out.
they will stay in the sun, no longer will not return to the dark. Monroe and the South generations of children who will inherit their legacy left to the suffering, there will be a new life. (The author is a Chinese American, with a
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